Translated by Tanja Ohlsen

“I need to move!” – This exclamation, made spontaneously during a workshop, is the beginning of this paper. This spontaneous exclamation is not only an expression of an explicit bodily need, it is going to be the starting point for a general reflection on what art mediation can and should be.

In this situation it wasn’t only important to me to react to the exclamation – it seemed almost impossible not to do it, so strong was the reaction it triggered in me. This moment made it immediately clear to me, that art mediation does not work as a linear, planned programme. It is, in contrast, necessary to engage in a dialogue with people and to negotiate mediation together with them.

Art mediation with an open, dynamic approach can be understood as being a process, context-dependent and relation oriented. Thus, the role of an art mediator ranges from being an expert with a wealth of knowledge to that of an attentive companion to visitors, enabling a discussion without directing it.

Resonance, performance and the ignorant schoolmaster

How to describe an understanding of mediation where mutual influence is not perceived as a disturbance or a demonstration of power, but as a productive principle? Here, the resonance theory of the sociologist Hartmuth Rosa offers a useful starting point.

Based on the acoustic metaphor of resonance, his theory assumes that people, objects or works of art permanently emit impulses and vibrations into their environment, creating an echo – in other words: a resonance - in other individuals located within their resonance space (Rosa 2016: 284). “Everywhere is resonance, rather than procession or correspondence” (Deleuze/Guattari 1996: 30). This resonance space can also be regarded as a space of influence: a dynamic field where works of art, mediators and participants affect one another.

When resonances trigger the impulse to be active, it is called performance. The alteration between resonance and performance forms a circle: impulses generate performances which in turn trigger new resonances. Hartmut Rosa uses also the term synchronous resonance within the context of resonance theory. In a sense of “touching and being touched”, mutual influence leads to rapprochement among the participants, leading up to synchronisation (Breyer et. al. 2017).

Processes like this also mark the atmosphere, which consists of many factors, as for instance feelings and needs such as the facial expressions and gesticulation of individuals, which change or reinforce the moods of all others, as well as external circumstances like light, sound, art or the atmosphere of a room (Rupert-Kruse 2012).

For art mediation this means that art is never objective when we meet it, but “appears” to be subjective. Therefore, art educator Kerstin Hallmann speaks about the “practise of appearance”: It is not about explaining art in a classical way and to convey information, but to deal deliberately with the moment in which art “appears”, meaning, when it becomes perceivable and experiential. Such personal interaction with art can trigger resonances that provoke a response in the form of performance (Hallmann 2017: 79—90).

But how can a mediator successfully engage with their audience? Here the concept of an “ignorant schoolmaster”, developed by Jacques Rancière, comes into the picture. It is based on the principle of “equality of the intelligences” (Rancière 1987: 16). According to Rancière everyone has the ability to learn independently when being challenged and motivated. Nora Sternfeld regards Rancières basic assumption or the equality of intelligences as the “starting point of emancipatory pedagogy (Sternfeld 2008), where mediators deliberately choose the reduction of the pedagogical power hierarchies in order to enable autonomous learning.

By positioning themselves as “ignorant”, mediators create a space where participants can influence the process, not as a disruption of a plan, but as a constitutive element of the shared learning process. Primarily, it is about to create participatory incentives for independent engagement in order to initiate learning processes. This can for example be achieved, when the mediator does not provide information, but encourages questions and discussions.

Such a working method, however, demands a tolerance for ambiguity, meaning the ability to deal constructively with uncertainties and multiplicity. In this way, those mediators maintain openness towards non-linear processes and the unknown, which promotes their own creativity and can lead to “processes of thinking new and differently” (Schnurr 2021: 148).

“I need to move!” – A practical example

During my internship at the Kestner Gesellschaft in Hanover I was involved in a workshop, in which six- to nine-year-old children explored the exhibition Dolorem Ipsum by the artist Anna K.E. I would like to describe a situation which made a strong impression upon me, and which serves as the starting point for this text and its reflections. It happened in the so called “rehearsal room”, the second room of the exhibition. The artist, Anna K.E., had installed wooden barres along the walls and covered the front wall with a wall-length mirror. The children noticed that barres and the mirror were like those in dancing studios. Some of them explained, that they themselves danced or had danced before. Also in the room was a large freestanding screen. Two videos alternated on it. In one of them, we could watch the artist dancing the letters of the words “HAPPY BIRTHDAY”.

I invited the group to look at everything very carefully. The room was spacious, the floor unobstructed and the mirrors encouraged interaction. The children had many points of connection with the installation. While we moved through the room, they talked about their own experiences with dancing and how they felt about it. I told them about Anna K.E.’s connection to ballet: during her childhood and adolescence she had danced professionally. However, for many years, dancing for her was connected with a feeling of power loss and coercion. Afte a long break, she approached dance again in a more personal way and was finally able to find a sense of liberation and joy through her own movements.

Suddenly a boy called loud and clear: “I need to move!” and began to jump up and down energetically. Immediately, I sensed the restlessness spreading through the group. According to the plan I should have continued the tour through the exhibition. But without much thinking I decided to do otherwise. I asked the children if they wanted to play freeze dance. They were enthusiastic about the offer and started moving wildly and joyfully through the room. When I said “stop!” they froze in their dance and looked at the large mirror on the front wall which allowed them to see their own poses as well as that of the others. When I said “go!” they resumed their dance. After about three rounds I asked: “Who wants to say “stop” next?”. All of them wanted to and so they took turns in taking the role of the person with the power to say “stopp” or “go”. When the children had spent their energy with playing and dancing, we sat together and talked about how the different roles had felt.

How a dynamic approach can influence art mediation

The situation described consisted of impulses emitted by the elements of the installation - the mirror wall, the ballet barres and the video work – which in the children met individuals capable of resonance. But not only the works of art themselves entered into a resonance relationship with the participants of the workshop, the atmosphere of the room, too, prepared the group. The children perceived the impulses of the room resonating within them, as well as their own mood, and they processed all this through verbal exchange and bodily activity. The transition from resonance to performance became particularly clear when a boy called out: “I need to move!”

I decided to engage that energy in the dancing game, since it offered everybody the opportunity to pursue the urge to move as well as the emerging synchronous resonance in an experimental way. By offering the freeze dance, I influenced how the children could further process their resonances with the installation – not by directing them, but by opening up an opportunity: a space for their own movement and for engaging with subjects like dance, movement, power and liberation.

The children were able to compare their own experiences and feelings while dancing with those of the artist. In the freeze dance game, they could experience, both as dancers and as decision-makers, how it felt to move freely, to stop and to hold a pose using high body control.

The process of mediation was based on the approach of an “ignorant schoolmaster” which enabled the children from the beginning to ask questions and invited them into discussion. Flat hierarchy makes it easier to express thoughts, feelings or needs (“I need to move!”), or to influence the process of the event. However, it is decisive that the participants can also refuse offers such as the freeze dance. Only then they have a genuine possibility of response. This situation did not occur, but it is a realistic scenario which would have challenged me, and which would have to be actively embraced.

A structural question?

The given example shows how dynamic art mediation can work when the framework conditions allow it. However, the extent to which mediators can allow themselves to be influenced by participants depends largely on the influences to which the mediators themselves are exposed. Institutional framework is necessary, where the mediator is not only executing instructions, but can also participate in shaping processes, given sufficient time to prepare, fair compensation and the trust that openness of outcome, ambiguity and shared learning are central resources for real education processes.

Here, the circle of influence closes: Through the allocation of resources and time, the institutions exert influence, deciding thereby whether or not mediators are able to react flexible to impulses. Precarious working conditions, time pressure and economic performance expectation act as structural barriers preventing mediators and participants from entering into a resonance relationship with one another (Mörsch 2012). Thus, the institution decides how participants experience art: as an open dialogue or as a tightly scheduled programme.

The quality of art mediation does not arise from attitude alone; it requires structural enablement. In a time marked by digital acceleration and attention economics, spaces for deceleration and genuine exchange are needed. Art mediation with a dynamic approach and with the support by the necessary framework conditions, has the chance to open up those spaces.

Julika Teubert, born 1995 in Berlin, studied Fine Art with Nasan Tur and Art Mediation with Martin Krenn at the Hochschule für Bildende Künste in Braunschweig. She is a co-founder of the journal appropriate! and was a member of the editorial team as well as tutor in its first four issues. As part of the additional qualification in art mediation, she submitted her final thesis in spring 2025.

Endnote

This text is an abridged and revised form of the final paper “I need to move!” – How can an open, dynamic approach change the understanding on art mediation?” by Julika Teubert, submitted in April 2025 as part of the additional qualification Free Art Mediation at the Hochschule für Bildende Künste Braunschweig.

References

Breyer, T., Buchholz, M. B., Hamburger, A., Pfänder, S., & Schumann, E. (2017). Resonanz – Rhythmus – Synchronisierung: Interaktionen in Alltag, Therapie und Kunst. transcript Verlag.

Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1996). Was ist Philosophie? Suhrkamp. (Original work published 1991)

Hallmann, K. (2017). Zwischen Performanz und Resonanz: Potenziale einer Kunstvermittlung als Praxis des Erscheinens. In P. Maset & K. Hallmann (Eds.), Formate der Kunstvermittlung: Kompetenz – Performanz – Resonanz (pp. 79–90). transcript Verlag.

Mörsch, C. (2012). Sich selbst widersprechen: Kunstvermittlung als kritische Praxis innerhalb des educational turn in curating. https://whtsnxt.net/107

Rancière, J. (2007). Der unwissende Lehrmeister: Fünf Lektionen über die intellektuelle Emanzipation. Passagen-Verlag.

Rosa, H. (2016). Resonanz: Eine Soziologie der Weltbeziehung. Suhrkamp.

Rupert-Kruse, P. (2012). Atmosphären: Gestimmte Räume und sinnliche Wahrnehmung. https://arthist.net/archive/3033

Schnurr, A. (2021). Hans-Christoph Koller im Gespräch (Interview Ansgar Schnurr). In Mehrdeutigkeit gestalten: Ambiguität und die Bildung demokratischer Haltungen in Kunst und Pädagogik (p. 148). transcript Verlag.

Sternfeld, N. (2008). Das pädagogische Unverhältnis: Lehren und Lernen bei Rancière, Gramsci und Foucault. Turia + Kant.

Illustration

Figure 1K.E., A. (2024). Dolorem Ipsum [Installation view]. Courtesy of the artist; Galerie Barbara Thumm, Berlin; Simone Subal Gallery, New York. Original photograph by Volker Crone; photomontage with child silhouettes by Julika Teubert.