Eva von Redecker’s take on modern-day fascism and that comes with it

A book review by Julika Teubert

Translated by Louise Pain

The German-language title of the latest book by writer and philosopher Eva von Redecker—published by S. Fischer Verlag in March 2026 with a forthcoming translation into English as Entitlement and the Urge to Destroy—is unusual for a work of non-fiction. Only its subtitle—translated as The New Fascism—more clearly qualifies what the 272-page Spiegel bestseller is actually about. Yet from the very outset of the book, von Redecker systematically dispels any potential ambiguity: the pervasive, unsettling urge to destroy that we are currently witnessing in both the political and social landscape requires a designation that reflects the prevailing mood of our time. After all, discourse cannot feasibly get to the heart of an issue if we fail to develop adequate or appropriate vocabulary to describe it.

In her latest book, von Redecker examines various aspects of the ‘modern social contract’ from the perspective of critical theory and develops a forward-looking definition of what she terms the ‘new’ brand of fascism. Her aim is to empower the reader to be able to identify fascist dynamics early on, without needing to resort to making historical comparisons—particularly given that it is not entirely certain whether contemporary phenomena can even be meaningfully compared with historical ones. More broadly, she argues that, in an era defined by social media, artificial intelligence, climate emergency, neoliberalism, and increasingly isolationist policies, the established definitions we have at our disposal fall short when it comes to interpreting more recent fascist developments.

Von Redecker draws extensively on familiar knowledge and everyday events; no prior specialist knowledge is assumed nor needed on the part of the reader. Although her choice of terminology and philosophical references does increase in complexity as the book proceeds, she regularly distils her arguments and findings into concise, accessible summaries. Despite the book’s challenging subject matter, these elements make it an accessible reading experience for a broad audience. At the same time, the book rests on extensive research and a robust theoretical foundation, drawing, among others, on the philosophical work of Hannah Arendt, Theodor W. Adorno, and Max Horkheimer.

The author’s rigorous, sustained effort to define and clarify concepts is what constitutes the book’s guiding thread. Eleven chapters organised according to topic develop von Redecker’s conception of the ‘new fascism’, helping readers to grasp its full scope and significance and relate it to the present. The twelfth and final chapter, Remembrance and Counterstrategies, considers how we might resist fascism on both a personal, individual level and through collective, public responses.

By drawing on a wide range of reference points—for example, by repeatedly referring to contemporary political and social events—von Redecker masterfully compels the reader to critically engage with the topics at hand. She cites statements by Friedrich Merz, Alice Weidel, Donald Trump, and Elon Musk that have repeatedly provoked public outrage and remain seared in the collective memory. At the same time, she also identifies a perilous blind spot in the broader societal response to these phenomena: a tendency to view these kinds of political developments as isolated incidents rather than as manifestations of a broader pattern. As the author herself remarks, ‘This tendency to respond with astonishment is ultimately misleading because it […] assumes that what has happened […] is an exception […], rather than recognising these events as constituting part of a broader, fundamental pattern’ (von Redecker, 2026, p. 74). The examples cited in the book prompt the reader to ask themselves: how would I have reacted to the situations she describes? Von Redecker also critiques the widely held belief that history cannot possibly repeat itself in Germany because of the country’s status as a liberal democracy (von Redecker: 2026, p. 75). Such misplaced confidence, she argues, prevents us from taking the current shift to the right seriously and responding in a timely manner.

In addition to contemporary examples, von Redecker places a particular emphasis on the Nazi era, which, she argues, demonstrates the consequences of fascism being allowed to evolve into ‘fully realised totalitarian rule’. Here, she draws on Hannah Arendt’s description of the Nazi dictatorship as constituting a transition from the fascist principle that ‘everything is permitted’ to a totalitarian dystopia in which ‘everything is possible’. Von Redecker argues that any serious consideration of the potential consequences of fascism today and in the future must reckon with the fact that the atrocities committed by the Nazis have changed ‘the very structure of our world forever’. We now know that ‘the unthinkable can happen’ (von Redecker 2026, p. 43).

Particularly thought-provoking are von Redecker’s reflections on the reasons why we are currently witnessing a shift to the right rather than, for example, a shift to the left. She identifies an intriguing ‘small but rational element’ (von Redecker 2026, p. 129) within patterns of thought and behaviour that lack a sense of solidarity, arguing that this element must be taken into account if we are to develop effective counterstrategies. From this starting point, she connects broader social dynamics and systems of power with character traits that have the potential to foster fascist ways of thinking and acting. One key factor she identifies here is a mounting sense of social discontent. A ‘feeling of inescapable doom’ (von Redecker 2026, p. 139), fuelled by unmet basic needs, the pressures of a meritocracy, and anxiety about the future, can prompt people to seek someone to blame for their suffering. Where it is not possible to conclusively attribute responsibility, they may instead invent scapegoats, thereby shifting the burden of blame onto other groups of people. But von Redecker, for her part, has no interest in pointing fingers; in her analysis, she seeks not to polemiscise, but to bring a degree of sophistication and nuance to the discourse.

What stands out throughout the book is how precisely von Redecker captures the spirit of the age. She achieves this in large part by addressing not only established themes in the study of fascism, but also subjects that have received comparatively little attention in this field. Examples here include digital media—particularly social media and artificial intelligence—, climate crisis, human encroachment into and colonisation of outer space, and the neoliberal stock market. As von Redecker argues, when examining fascism, we must ‘be able to discern its footprint even where it may appear to have detached itself from the Earth’ (von Redecker 2026, p. 53).

In this latest publication, Eva von Redecker offers the reader a great deal of food for thought, inviting them to turn the critical reflection she advocates inward, toward themselves. This insightful text hones the reader’s understanding of social realities and helps them to assess political actions and demands through a critical lens, while being able to recognise the broader connections between them. Although its primary focus is the ‘new’ fascism, the book also draws important conclusions for progressive politics that are oriented toward the future and the pursuit of a more tolerant society. The New Fascism: Entitlement and the Urge to Destroy is a compelling and thoroughly accomplished work of non-fiction that cannot be recommend highly enough.

Born in 1995 in Berlin, Julika Teubert studied Fine Art under Nasan Tur and Art Education under Martin Krenn at the Hochschule für Bildende Künste in Braunschweig (Braunschweig University of Art, HBK). She is currently pursuing postgraduate studies under the guidance of Nasan Tur. Teubert is also one of the cofounders of the web journal appropriate!, having contributed to the first four editions both as a member of the editorial team and as a tutor. In her artistic practice, she deals with the traces and artefacts she comes across in public spaces, frequently combining these with aspects of her own life in order to reflect on topics such as labour, routine, and impermanence.

Born in 1982, Eva von Redecker is a philosopher specialising in critical theory and a freelance author currently living in Brandenburg. In her writing, she addresses the most pressing issues of our time, such as capitalism and property, feminism, authoritarianism, and fascism. From 2009 to 2019, she was a research associate at Berlin’s Humboldt-Universität, as well as a visiting scholar at Cambridge University and the New School for Social Research in New York.