Translated by Tanja Ohlsen

Practising my art I collect heteronormative as well as cisnormative codes from the worlds of trap music and pop culture to reinterpret them in a queer way. In this text, I will connect my artistic approach with general considerations on what kind of aesthetic potentials contemporary trap music has for queer art. To do this, I will present the conceptual approach of the music of my alter ego, lil cheap, and relate it to its mediating aspect. Furthermore, I will try to deduct and critically place my position as white female rapper in relation to the appropriation of Black culture and I will examine the limits within which productive appropriation and queer disidentification (according to José Esteban Muñoz) of trap is possible in relation to my own work and which aesthetic and disidentificatory potentials can be found in trap in general. Disidentifications are productive appropriations of aesthetics, cultural logics or mechanisms which in themselves produce exclusions. Disidentification offers many possibilities for intervention, because by appropriation, agency is gained, although what has been appropriated, constrained this very agency before.

Heteronormative, cisnormative and monogamous ideals still dominate the field of trap music, combined with open misogyny and hostility to queer people. However, there is the possibility of disidentification and a détournement (as proposed by the Situationist International). This means reversing the meaning and disempowering the prevailing image regime by deliberately misusing it and turning it against itself.

According to Muñoz disidentification plays an identity-forming and essential meaning for those who are punished by the dominant society for deviating from the assumed norm (Muñoz 1999: 4). The author argues that every individual has complex and partly conflicting approaches to identity. However, it is easier to form an identity as a member of the dominant society (ibid.: 5). Members of the so- called minorities would form their identity in opposition to the logics of heteronormativity, white supremacy and misogyny, “cultural logics, which in my opinion, support the state power” (ibid.). Muñoz talks about the minority counterpublics, which form new social relations.

The contradiction which underlies the fundamental criticism of identity by simultaneously using it in queer politics and activism can be found in many parts of queer theory. “One works at the same time with, on and against a hegemonic identity” (Muñoz, cited in Susemichel/Kastner 2020: 124). Permanent development of identities and terms is inherent to queerness, says Laufenberg (2022: 13). That implies that queerness, and what the term describes or tries to achieve, might mean something completely different in future. Thus, queerness can also be seen as the refusal of fixed identities and as a theoretical tool for the fight against intersectional discrimination.

In order to critically evaluate cultural appropriations, it is important to look at the history of Hip-Hop. The systematic disinvestment in predominantly Black and Latinx neighbourhoods in US cities – a policy described as “benign neglect” - played a vital part in the emergence of Hip-Hop as an empowering counterculture (Chang, cited in Jakob 2013: 115). While African American themes were underrepresented in the media, Hip-Hop made it possible to refer to them independently and in relation to one’s own history. Thus sampling of Funk and R&B from the 1960s and 1970s created reference points to Black history. MCs, in addition, recited their own lyrics or honoured other MCs by citing them. This lead to a form of self-referentiality (see Jakob 2013: 140-141).

Gayatri Spivak’s postcolonial analysis can be applied to Hip-Hop, since subalterns received a voice audible to the dominant society (Jacob 2013: 150). However, Hip-Hop soon went mainstream. Paul Gilroy criticised that as Hip-Hop became more and more commercially successful, it also lost its oppositional force, and the History of the marginalized positions became mere routine. “Those claiming the marginality of Hip-Hop should first explain, where in their opinion the centre lies today” (ibid.: 155).

lil cheap is a German musician and the alter ego of the author of this text. In addition to music she works with performance, installation and video, while pushing the possibilities of the trap-genre to explore her own trans* identity. While her music isn’t exclusively trap, it is mainly influenced by it. lil cheap steals her beats from the internet, and records her songs with her mobile and inexpensive wired headphones without mixing or mastering them. She releases her songs on “SoundCloud” without label, where she has a small audience. Her first album, Risse with 29 songs, was published on April 26, 2022. December 13, 2023 she gave her first concert. Since then she further developed her live performance and her sound to multi-layered autotuned emotionality. The three latest EPs Zoo, afterhours and Buffy she recorded together with the rapper sadslavicslut. They already performed several concerts together.

The musician’s name also emphasises the speed of the procuction process, while the lyrics remind of casually drawn diary entries. Only some few beats are self- produced experimentally, the rest is taken from trap-oriented producers. The production mechanisms in rap have developed into a “high speed dialectical network in which producers consume and consumers produce“ (Jakob 2013: 132). Consumption as well as production of music exist simultaneously side by side. This is evident in the many cover songs of lil cheap and sadslavicslut, which are closer to experimental pop than to trap.

lil cheap’s lyrics are about relations, love, heartache, sadness, the strain of chronic illness, insecurities and other intensive inner processes. They are marked by an “everyday poetry” using surroundings and scenery metaphorically for inner processes. At the same time, lil cheap serves as experimental space for gender identity. Long before her own trans* awakening, she made queer desires a topic and, for example, wore dresses and skirts in her videos. Later she sings:

„Ich bin dead, du bist daddy / baby fick mich in deinem Caddy“ (I am dead and you are daddy / baby, fuck me in your caddy) (daddy, 2024).

In the music video IM NACKEN (2023) she sits in skirt and cropped top on the bonnet of an old VW Golf with Polish number plates, smoking. In the background, a half decayed factory can be seen, while she sings in a heavy autotune:

„Die Sucht sitzt dir im Nacken wie süße kleine Äffchen /

Im Innenfutter des Jacketts wartet die zerknüllte Wut /

Appetitlosigkeit / Du kratzt dir die Armbeugen blutig“

(Addiction breathing down your neck like sweet little monkeys /

Crumpled rage waiting in the lining of your jacket /

No appetite / Scratching the crook of your arms until they bleed.)

The introspection between welcoming and numbing feelings reminds of the stereotype of sad emo SoundCloud rappers taking too many drugs. Her fascination for the art of music videos led her to produce video installations and make music a topic within her visual art. The self-referetial connection of art with music, and their mutual mediation can best be illustrated through the seven-channel video installation cheap chapel (2024). In this video installation lil cheap creates a sacral trap chapel for herself. Monitors are mounted on the wall in form of a Christian cross and – with the help of two LED spotlights – throw an altar-like shadow. Beside a rustic shelf is mounted on the wall, bearing the laser-engraved inscription “Heilige Mutter Gottes, lass meine Trapkarriere wahr werden”. (Holy Mother of God, let my trap career come true). This installation reminds of catholic churches or chapels and it is at the same time a prayer and a protest. The mediation of music through art shows lil cheap’s real priority: she wants to be a trap star and become famous.

According to Mona Marijke Jas, artistic art mediation is a form of mediation “from art” (Sturm, cited in Jas 2021: 64). Visitors to the video installation cheap chapel are supposed to perceive themselves as creative individuals, capable of developing an “aesthetic mentality” (Maset, cited in Jas 2021: 63). Mediation is moreover focused on systemic and situational aspects: it addresses political frameworks and institutional critique.

Performativity and speech-act theory according to Butler are an integral part of mediation (ibid.: 65). In lil cheap’s works, performative speech acts take the form of repeated text passages exploring the open-ended transition of her own identity. This refers to the above mentioned openness of queerness as a theoretical tool.

According to Jas, another quality of artistic art mediation is deconstruction, where uncertainties and contradictions are emphasised in social mediation processes. Lil cheap, too, evades unambiguousness (ibid.: 66). Experienced knowledge and minoritarian knowledge play an important part in artistic art mediation, since art research (which has much in common with artistic art mediation) is, according to Jas, not hypothesis-driven, but guided by experience (ibid.: 70). Lil cheap’s position as trans* woman enables her to make music and art from her specific position as well as to mediate art.

Another very direct form of mediation is the concert, where her listeners are additionally confronted with the “ambiguity” of her trans* body. This means the deconstruction of cisnormative body ideas. The visibility that comes with these performances, is kind of a double-edged sword for a trans* woman. Trans* women who are not perceived as cis, experience violence from the dominant society, while political visibility (also in art), is becoming more and more important.

Hip-Hop is a genre of broken taboos, thus it is natural to extend it to often tabooed queer themes. Lil cheap’s taboo breaks are less provokative within an artistic context, however, explicit lyrics have an empowering potential. From a self-critical perspective, it should be noted, that the appropriation of Black culture in the music of lil cheap should be discussed more and that the respect for Black culture could be more pronounced. Also, payment should be made for the beats.

Considering the appropriation of various aspects of Hip-Hop we can’t draw any general conclusions, since this depends heavily on the specific context. For a member of the “dominant culture” it is not impossible to appropriate elements from a “minoritarian” culture, however, it should be done with explicit respect and reference to the source. In cases, where profit is generated, the members of the minoritarian culture should get a share. Furthermore, the limits people suffering by racism, should, of course, be respected.

Lil cheap appropriates parts of hegemonial masculinity, but also from Black culture. Disidentification is ”easiest” when elements from the dominant culture or with discriminating straits are appropriated from a minoritarian position. As soon as (mutually) intersecting axes come into the play, it is getting more complicated. Can I, as a white trans* woman appropriate Doechiis confident femininity in a disidentificational way, because she is a cis female rapper? In this case discriminations shouldn’t be weighed up against each other, and the different positions have to be carefully considered. But cis female confidence, revealing outfits and nudity can very well be appropriated and reinterpreted in a trans* way. In a disidentificatory sense, it would be easiest to appropriate the position of a white German, cis male schlager singer or of Alice Weidel, in reference to Vaginal Davis’ personification of the racist Clarence (cf. Munoz 1999: 103).

So, what are the aesthetic and subversive potentials in the construction of gender in trap? Trans* people can negotiate the transition of their identity – rap is a good medium to articulate minoritarian experiences. Furthermore, the sampling of cultural products from one’s own history can serve as an important tool to visualize oppressive conditions and working towards liberation from them. In concerts or music videos, it is possible to break body ideals in a disidentificatorial way. As a performative speech act rap has in addition the potential to reinterpret identities in an open-ended and self-determined way.

Jonna Sophie Baumann, aka lil cheap, is a free artist and musician currently studying as a postgraduate student at the HGB Leipzig with Anna Ehrenstein. She organises music workshops for trans* femmes, a sculpture symposium for German-Czech exchange, and is part of numerous exhibitions and concerts. Her practice ranges from video installation and performance to mediation and sculpture.

Literature

Jakob, A. (2013). To the 5 boroughs: Hip hop as a cultural movement in New York City. Marburg: Tectum.

Jas, M. M. (2021). Mit Kunstvermittlung die Welt verändern? Hildesheim: Universitätsverlag Hildesheim.

Laufenberg, M. (2022). Queere Theorien zur Einführung. Hamburg: Junius.

Muñoz, J. E. (1999). Disidentifications: Queers of color and the performance of politics. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

Seeliger, M. (2013). Deutscher Gangstarap: Zwischen Affirmation und

Empowerment. Berlin: Posth.

Susemichel, L., & Kastner, J. (2020). Identitätspolitiken: Konzepte und Kritiken in Geschichte und Gegenwart der Linken (2nd ed.). Münster: Unrast.